Surface Quality of Moulds

Flattening with diamonds optimises hardened steel surfaces of tools and moulds

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The first test results

Fig. 1-1: Arithmetic centre-line roughness Ra as a function of feed rate, process force and lateral infeed.(Source:  TU Berlin)
Fig. 1-1: Arithmetic centre-line roughness Ra as a function of feed rate, process force and lateral infeed.
(Source: TU Berlin)

Fig. 1-1a shows the progression of the arithmetic mean roughness value Ra as a function of the feed rate vf. With a lateral infeed of ae = 10 µm and a process force of FPr = 40 N, an arithmetic mean roughness value in the range of 0.08 µm ≤ Ra ≤ 0.10 µm was measured. At a feed rate of vf = 2,000 mm/min as well as at vf = 6000 mm/min, an arithmetic mean roughness value of Ra = 0.08 µm was determined on average, proving that the feed rate vf in this range has no significant influence on the course of the arithmetic mean roughness value Ra.

This constitutes a decisive advantage compared to the machining process. By using flattening, significantly higher feed rates vf can be used for finishing and thus the economic efficiency can be increased significantly.

To investigate the influence of the lateral infeed ae on the arithmetic centre roughness Ra in Fig. 1-1b, a process force of FPr = 40 N and a feed rate of vf = 6,000 mm/min were used. On average, an arithmetic centre-line roughness value in a range of 0.08 µm ≤ ae ≤ 0.34 µm was observed, whereby the lowest arithmetic centre-line roughness value of Ra = 0.08 µm was achieved with a lateral infeed of ae = 10 µm. The arithmetic centre roughness Ra increases linearly with increasing lateral infeed ae, which can be attributed to the changed engagement conditions and the associated increase in the theoretical roughness depth Rth.

Finally, the process forces FPr as a function of the arithmetic centre roughness Ra are illustrated in Fig. 1-2 c. A lateral infeed of ae = 10 µm and a feed rate of vf = 6000 mm/min were used. The lowest arithmetic centre-line roughness value of Ra = 0.08 µm was measured on average at a process force of FPr = 40 N, whereby a linear increase in the arithmetic centre-line roughness value Ra could be demonstrated as the process force FPr increased. This curve can be explained by the fact that with increasing process forces FPr more material is plastically displaced than is necessary for the forming process. The excess plastically displaced material volume Vw is pushed up beside the flattening tool. It can be assumed that the forming behaviour of the Elmax Superclean steel material used is increased by lower process forces FPr when using tools with a flattening head made of PCD.

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